Sundance Ag. - Executive Summary |
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Executive Summary Sundance Ag. Sundance Ag. Inc, a division of Sundance Resources of Phoenix, Ariz. began production at the Burley facility in August of 1996. We produce the pesticide, Metam Sodium under the trade name of Sectagon 42. The raw materials used in the process are water, Monomethylamine, Carbon Disulfide, and Sodium Hydroxide. The water is pumped from the ground, treated to make it suitable for the process, and added as needed. The Carbon Disulfide and Monomethylamine arrive at the site by rail car, while the Sodium Hydroxide may arrive by either rail car to tanker truck. The finished product is shipped from the plant by either tanker truck or railcar. The plant is divided into three separate areas. To the east is the receiving and storage area for the raw materials. Here the material is received in rail cars, or tanker trucks carrying the Sodium Hydroxide. The cars are spotted at the appropriate tower for the unloading. We use two towers, one for Carbon disulfide, and one for the amine and Sodium Hydroxide. This separation of unloading towers allow us to fit each tower with fittings and equipment specific to each type of chemical. This prevents any possible mixing of chemicals in the storage tanks. Upon arrival, the tank cars are spotted at the proper tower for unloading. Grounding straps are attached and checked to prevent any sparking from static electricity while unloading is occurring. The system is also configured such that the transfer pumps will not start unless the grounding is complete. The fittings are attached to the cars, and tested for tightness. All tools used in the opening and closing are spark-less, thus again preventing accidental ignition of any flammable vapors. The system is pressure checked with an inert gas, nitrogen, and the cars pressurized with the same gas. This again prevents any accidental i gnition. The cars are unloaded into the proper storage areas. The tanks are dedicated tanks, holding only the chemical stated on them. We have the capability of storing over 328,000 gallons of Carbon Disulfide at any one time. . Similarly, we have the capacity for 65,000 gallons of the amine, but there is rarely this much on hand at any one time. There is never any cross mixing of storage chemicals. All tanks are grounded, held under an inert gas atmosphere, and monitored. The thickness of the metal is checked on an annual basis with a non-destructive technique to verify that the chemicals are not corroding the walls, leading to a hazardous situation. All tanks are equipped with pressure relief devices and rupture disks set to release before a pressure increase would rupture the tank. These devices are checked on a routine basis. A computer modeling program was used to assess the possible damage to the area and the environment from an accidental release of the stored chemicals. There were two scenarios ran for both Carbon Disulfide and Monomethylamine: A 'worst case' scenario, and a secondary, more realistic one. The "Worst Case" scenario for Carbon Disulfide was the total failure of a storage tank, releasing the entire amount of 54,000 gallons into the containment berm. For this scenario, it was assumed that the entire spill occurred within ten minutes, the air temperature was the highest recorded in the area for the last five years (100 F), and the wind was blowing at 3 yards per second. Under this scenario, the area of concern stretched for 11 miles. This would include the entire town of Burley, provided the wind direction was correct. A secondary scenario was ran using the same conditions, only using the actual conditions that would occur under our control and response plans. Under this scenario, the area of concern was only 0.6 miles. Another scenario was ran, using the conditions of a small leak from a broken pipe givi ng a hole of less then two square inches. This gave an area of concern of only 0.2 miles. A similar computer scenario was ran for the amine. The main difference between the two was that the Carbon Disulfide is considered a toxic liquid, while the amine is considered to yield an explosive cloud that ignites. Under the "Worst Case" scenario, the release of an entire tank of 32,000 gallons, with the resultant explosion, the area of influence of the explosion, or the area of damage was 0.2 miles. Similarly, the scenario of a leaking pipe, with the resultant fire ball gave an area of damage of 0.1 miles. To mitigate these types of damages, the storage areas are equipped with a number of safety devices to monitor and prevent any release of the chemical. The storage tanks are enclosed in concrete berms that would contain any spill from the tank in a small area, thus limiting the surface area of the liquid, and thus slowing down the amount released. In addition, both storage areas have the capability of being showered with copious amounts of water to knock down, and contain vapors that may be released. The storage area for the Carbon Disulfide has one additional safety feature. Since the chemical is heavier then water, the containment berm has had installed a deluge system and monitoring detectors. If the detectors sense the chemical above a set amount well below any danger level, but signaling a possible leak, they set off an alarm in the central computer system. This alarm opens the deluge system flooding the containment area to a depth of over ten inches of water in less then ten minutes. The Carbon Disulfide will be submerged by the water, totally limiting the amount of vapors that are released from the site. The raw materials are brought into the central processing area under redundant computer control and inert gas blanket where they are combined to produce the product. The entire mixing process in controlled, measured, and moni tored by computers. Any deviation from a set of defined values causes an alarm to sound, alerting the operators to the problem. From the central control room, the entire plant may be shut down to a safe condition in just seconds. Following processing, which includes an added step to remove any unreacted raw materials, the product goes into storage, where it awaits shipment. Sundance Ag., both employees and management, place a great deal of emphasis on both safety and environmental protection. We feel that these go hand in hand. All operators at the site are given extensive training in response to both chemical spills and safety hazards. All operators are trained to a Hazmat Technician level by schooling certified by the State of Idaho Bureau of Emergency Response. In addition, all are trained in CPR and First Aid. We hold numerous training sessions, dry runs, and full response exercises to keep these skills up to date. We have, on site, many pieces of emergency re sponse equipment. Until just recently, we were the best trained and equipped hazardous materials response personnel in the entire Mini-Cassia area. We train in connection with both the local fire department, sheriff's office, hospital, and local emergency planning committee. This assures that all people who may have to respond to an incident at the site are well acquainted and able to function as a team. This assures both Sundance Ag., and our neighbors in Cassia county the highest degree of protection in the event of a hazardous chemical incident. In April of 1997, shortly after we began production, we experienced an incident. A storage tank of product, which inadvertently contained a flammable combination of chemicals, somehow ignited. The result was the injury of one employee who was responding to the emergency. This employee later died in the hospital. There was about 12,000 gallons of product released to the environment. Emergency responders were called, and respon ded. Thanks to the work that had been done in safety training, the results were kept to a minimum, with no hazardous chemicals escaping the site. Since that time, the entire plant and process has been re-designed and re-built. The computer control system has been installed. The process has been altered, by additional equipment and processing steps, to assure that the final product going into storage is as safe as possible. This has resulted in, not only better product, but less waste that has to be disposed of by transporting to waste treatment facilities. An effect that helps everyone. We also took the accident as a wake up call to beef up the training and the response ability. We added paperwork and training pursuant to OSHA's Process Safety Management program. We established response documents, detailing to operators specific steps to be taken in the event of a release or hazardous materials incident. These are taught, tested, and trained on constantly. We curr ently are in the process of making application to OSHA to be accepted into their Voluntary Protection Program (VPP). This would make us one of only a handful of companies in Idaho to achieve this status. The end result of all this work is a very complete response plan, extensive review and concentration on safety by both management and personnel, a highly trained and effective response team, and excellent working relations with local emergency response personnel. 9.0 EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN 1.0 PROCEDURE The purpose of this procedure is to provide information on the handling and mitigation of emergencies within the plant. Evacuation plans and emergency response plans are identified and detailed. 2.0 SCOPE This procedure covers the Burley facility and all employees working at that facility, 3.0 REFERENCES 3.1 OSHA 29 CFR 1910.38 Employee Emergency Action Plans 3.2 OSHA 29 CFR 1910.119 Process Safety Management 3.3 OSHA 29 CFR 1910.120 Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response 3.4 OSHA 29 CFR 1910.165 Employee Alarm Systems. 3.5 EPA 40 CFR Part 68 Subpart G - Risk Management Planning 4.0 RESPONSIBILITY / ACCOUNTABILITY 4.1 The Plant Manager is responsible for the implementation of this procedure. 4.2 The Safety Manager shall insure that: 4.2.1 All employees are trained in this procedure. 4.2.2 That the emergency alarm system is tested on a periodic basis. 4.2.3 That all documentation of training and testing is maintained. 5.0 DEFINITIONS 5.1 Emergency Alarm -- A distinctive and recognizable signal which is capable of being perceived above ambient noise and light levels by all employees in the workplace. 5.2 Emergency Responders-Supervisors and employees trained in emergency response in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.120. 5.3 Incident Levels--Incident levels are determined by estimating the nat ure of the response required to manage them safely, with minimal environmental impact and minimal property damage. 5.3.1 Level I Incident--Any incident quickly managed via the use of emergency responders which are immediately available. 5.3.2 Level II Incident--Any accident, injury, fire, spill or chemical release requiring resources not immediately available or any incident with significant impact outside the plant boundary. 5.4 Non-critical personnel--Personnel who can be immediately evacuated from a plant area without needing to take the time to shut down processes or equipment. 5.5 On-Scene Command (OSC)--on scene command during an emergency incident will be the responsibility of the senior trained supervisor present. 6.0 PROCEDURE 6.1 Fire and medical assistance 6.1.1 To report a fire or to obtain medical assistance contact the Control Roo m via radio. If outside assistance is needed call 911. 6.1.2 On reporting an emergency provide the following minimum information and stay on the line if possible. For a fire emergency use an outside fine, cellular or car phone if it is not safe to use one of the phones inside the building. A. State the emergency. (Fire, Medical, etc.) B. Give the location C. Give your name and phone number. D. Give location of emergency if different than from where you are calling E. Answer any questions the dispatcher may have, F. Stay on the fine, if possible, until told by the dispatcher to hang up. 6.2 Medical Emergencies. 6.2.1 Employees within the vicinity of the emergency shall provide assistance within their abilities and training. 6.2.2 All medical emergencies shall be reported to the supervisor immediately. 6.2.3 If outside medical assistance is needed, call 911. Any employee at the scene has the authority to call 911, but the call should be made through the office, if possible, so that repeat calls are not made. 6.2.4 An injured or sick employee, no matter how minor the problem, shall NOT be sent to obtain medical assistance by themselves. If it is determined that medical assistance is desired but the concern is not serious enough to warrant a call to 911, a second employee or other responsible individual shall accompany the employee. 6.3 Emergency Evacuation, 6.3.1 When the evacuation alarm sounds all employees shall leave the plant by the nearest exit (exit path). (See map, attachment 1) 6.3.2 All employees shall report to the assembly area for head count. The primary assembly area is the grass area at the fork in the plant road, southwest of the facility. The secondar y assembly area is the equipment "graveyard" to the northeast of the facility. Stay out of the way of traffic and responding emergency equipment. 6.3.3 All supervisors shall take a head count to determine if all personnel are present. The results of the head count shall be forwarded to the senior person present. 6.3.4 Know your location and the locations of all exit paths. Study the evacuation maps posted in the plant. 6.3.5 Alarm maintenance. A. The evacuation alarm shall be tested a minimum of once a week. B. A different "pull station" shall be used for each test. 6.4 Fire emergency -- Fire fighting. 6.4.1 Only those employees trained in fire extinguisher usage shall attempt to use a fire extinguisher. 6.4.2 The alarm shall be pressed BEFORE any attempt is made to fight a fire 6.4.3 No attempt shall be made to fight a fire w ith fire extinguishers unless it is obvious that the fire can be controlled with a fire extinguisher. 6.4.4 Always ensure a direct way out (not past the fire) when using a fire extinguisher. 6.5 Emergency Response Drills 6.6.3 Incident Response - Level II Incident Response (for larger incidents) A. Triggering event - the need for a Level II response is triggered when the plant emergency alarm sounds. Level II incidents shall be managed in accordance with the guidelines described in the following: B. Response B.1 On Scene Command (OSC) B.1.1 Responsibility & Authority - until such a time as a more senior member of plant management establishes an Incident Command System, the On Scene Command (OCS) shall assume the responsibility and authority of the Incident Commander. B. 1.2 Coordinate Emergency Response Activities - The supervisor shall manage the incident using available plant resources. If additional plant or community resources are required, the supervisor shall request them from the Incident Commander. B. 1.3 Manage Spills & Releases - If there is a release, the supervisor shall see that it is reported in accordance with reporting requirements. B.1.3.1 Specific actions should be taken to prevent major releases of hazardous chemicals into the environment. These actions are: B.1.3.2 Only personnel trained in the hazards of the chemicals and in hazardous materials response (40 hr, Hazmat Tech) should be allowed to respond.. B.1.3.3 The first objective is to equip all responding personnel with proper PPE. This will be up to th e safety officer, using information found in Appendices A, B and C of this document. B.1.3.4 Responding personnel should first attempt to contain the release. Prevent any more chemical from being released then is necessary. ` B.1.3.4.1 If the deluge system in the CS2 has not activated, open it manually. B.1.3.4.2 If the leak is from MMA, open the fire water monitor, and flood the tanks with spray to contain the mist. B.1.3.5 Stop the leak. Do this by what ever means possible, eg shut a valve, close a pipe, plug a hole, etc. B.1.3.6 After the leak is stopped. Contain the spill, confining it to as small an area as possible. B. 1.4 Communications - Communication sh all be maintained by radio and if needed, by telephone with outside sources. B.2 Plant Management - Shall report to the Incident Command Center (established as described in the next section.) B.3 Plant Employees - All Level II responses require that a headcount be taken. This shall be done as described in Section 6.3.2. 6.6.4 Incident Response - Establishing a Formal Incident Command System (ICS) An Incident Command System shall be set up as described in the following: A. The Incident Commander shall be the Plant Manager or his or her designee. In the absence of this person, the incident commander shall be the senior person present. The Incident Commander shall be trained in Emergency Response and the Incident Command System. B. The Incident Commander shall see that personnel are assigned to the Officer, Coordinator and Chief jobs indicated in Figure I ( individuals can be assigned to more than one job). Whether or not every job needs to be filled depends on the nature of the incident. However, the Incident Commander shall assume the responsibilities of any jobs left unassigned. C. Once completed, Figure 1, Table 1 & Table 2 shall be posted in the Incident Command Center. D. The Incident Commander shall see that each Officer receives a copy of Table I and each Chief receives a copy of Table 2. E. The Incident Commander, Chiefs and Officers shall respond to the incident in accordance with their training (and in conformance with the responsibilities indicated in Tables 1&2). 6.6.5 Incident Response - Mutual Aid and Outside Agencies A. Mutual Aid - Sundance Ag does not have any Mutual Aid Agreement, Note: the Incident Commander must approve the use of non-Sundance Ag res ources on-site. B. Outside Agencies - The following table is a partial list of outside agencies which can provide support in the event of a release of a hazardous material Name Contact Information County Sheriff 911 678-2252 County Fire Department 911 678-7371 Memorial Hospital 911 678-4444 State Comm 1-800-632-8000 SE Idaho Hazardous Material Response Team 1-208-234-6100 Pocatello Fire Department . Figure 1 - Sundance Ag, Burley, Idaho - Incident Command System (ICS) Fill in Officer & Chief names & post this diagram (along with Tables 1 &2) in the Incident Command Center. Incident Commander Directly responsible for overall incident response. Assumes the duties of assignments not delegated (below). Safety Officer Responsible for the safety of property and personnel involved in incident response activities (normally safety manager). Communications Officer Responsible for establishing and maintaining the lines of communication between the Incident Command Center and incident response personnel. Accountable for the incident log. Staging Officer Sets up a staging area for equipment and personnel responding to the incident. Accountable for the control of personnel and equipment into and out of the plant. Liaison Officer Acts as a liaison between the Incident Commander and other agencies. Public Information Officer Responsible for the preparation and release of information to the public. Operations Chief Responsible for incident sc ene activities. Coordinates efforts of fire suppression & emergency response teams. Logistics Chief Acquires the resources needed to responds to (and recover from) the incident Planning Chief Plans for the successful outcome of the incident. Prepares contingency plans. Finance Chief Responsible for headcount, maintains records of costs incurred as a result of the incident. Also responsible for records protection. On-Scene Command _____________________________________ ____________________________________ Table 1: Incident Response - Responsibilities of the Incident Command Officers Incident Commander Directly responsible for overall incident response. Assumes the duties of assignments not delegated to the Incident Command Staff and Incident Command Chiefs. When required, initiates an evacuation. Communicates the need for a community ev acuation to appropriate personnel. Approves the in-plant use of all responders who are not employees of the Burley plant. Responsible for communications with Corporate Management. Safety Officer Responsible for the safety of property and personnel involved in incident response activities. Can bypass the normal lines of authority to ensure the safety of personnel or property. Monitors safety & emergency response equipment and communicates equipment needs to the Logistics Chief. Monitors the safety awareness of responders. Works with responders to ensure that safe work practices are incorporated into incident response activities. Be aware of emergency medical treatment, as found in appendices A, B and C, for exposure to hazardous chemicals. Staging Officer Accountable for the control of personn el & safety equipment into and out of the plant. Marshals incoming resources & maintains an inventory of non-committed resources. Sets up a staging area for equipment and personnel responding to the incident. Makes sure that outside responders report to staging area prior to entry into plant. Makes sure that non-employee responders do not enter plant without IC approval. Contacts Liaison Officer if crowd or traffic control support is needed from the Sheriff. Liaison Officer Acts as a liaison between the Incident Commander and other agencies participating in incident response. Provides the communication's link between IC and local, state and federal agencies. In particular, the Sheriff's Department & City/County Fire Departments. Public Information Officer Assists with the development of community hazard notification or evacuat ion plans. Notifies (where necessary) the appropriate public officials. Issues any press releases or plant position statements concerning an emergency response action. Responsible for scheduling and providing communications training for key emergency response team members. Communications Officer Responsible for ensuring effective communications among all responders, agencies & IC staff. Sees that an incident log is maintained. Assess, manage and fulfill the communications needs of the incident responders. Manage the plant telephone system during the incident. Table 2: Incident Response - Responsibilities of the Incident Command Chiefs. Operations Chief Advise the IC on the nature of the incident and the hazards involved. Coordinate the efforts of and provide available resources and support to the On Scene Command and incident responders (keep the IC informed of these resources & support). Request the IC for additional resources needed to respond to the incident. Implement action plans forwarded by the IC. Advise the IC of the need to evacuate all or part of the plant. Specific actions to be taken by the Operation Chief are indicated in the following table: Actions Completed Immediately contact environmental personnel if a spill or release is involved [ ] Communicate the need for non-plant responders (for example, City & County Fire Units) to the IC (These responders are to report to the staging area and wait for IC approval, prior to entering the plant.) [ ] Organize available resources (as needed) into an Operations Group. [ ] Planning Chief Advise the IC of the hazards of the chemicals and processes which are (or might be) involved. Advise the IC on the potential impact of the incident on other plant processes/areas. Advise the IC of actions necessary to minimize the overall impact of the incident on plant If a spill or release has occurred, determine the identity and quantity of released material. Specific actions to be taken by the planning chief are indicated in the following table: Actions Completed Have the operations chief contact the On Scene Commander and inform him/her that the ICC has been set up and communicate the names of the IC chiefs and Officers [ ] Actively search out individuals who have knowledge of the incident and have them debriefed (for example: the person who reported the incident.) [ ] Organize available individuals (as neede d) into a Planning Group (to include ESH personnel). [ ] Table 2: Incident Response - Responsibilities of the Incident Command Chiefs. (Continued) Logistics Chief Make arrangements for additional emergency personnel and equipment. Make arrangements to ensure that a first aid station is adequately equipped and staffed. Arrange for ambulance, Life Flight, or other transport for injured personnel. Make arrangements for a temporary morgue. Arrange for resources needed to re-commission the plant. Arrange for resources needed to evacuate the plant. Specific actions to be taken by the Logistics Chief are indicated in the following table: Action Completed Make sure that incoming phone calls are switched over to the IC center. [ ] Ensure that the plant entrance is secured. [ ] Contact the hospital (If needed.) [ ] Send help to assist with gate security, managing incoming calls and collecting contractor headcount. [ ] Organize available individuals (as needed) into a Logistics Group. [ ] Finance Chief Arrange for the protection of plant records. Arrange for funds needed t o respond to the incident. Keep track of costs incurred during the incident. Specific actions to be completed by the Finance Chief are indicated in the following table: Action Completed Complete a head count of visitor, guest, contractor and Sundance Personnel [ ] Organize available individuals (as needed) into a Finance Group [ ] 7.0 TRAINING 7.1 All new employees shall be trained on the requirements of this procedure before starting work. 7.2 Annual refresher training shall be conducted. 7.3 Details on the requirements of fire extinguisher training can be found in the Fire P revention Procedure, No. 15. 8.0 DOCUMENTATION 8.1 All training records shall be kept for a minimum of three (3) years. 8.2 See Training Procedure, No. 7, for details on documentation requirements Appendix A Emergency Response and Medical CS2 Preferred Name: CARBON DISULFIDE Regulatory Name: CARBON DISULFIDE Chemical Source: NOEPA NOAA *:2813 NFPA Codes F: 4 - Extremely flammable H:2 - Hazardous - use breathing apparatUS R:0 Normally stable General Description Carbon bisulfide is a clear colorless to light yellow liquid with a strong disagreeable odor. It is used in the manufacture of rayon and cellop hane, in the manufacture of flotation agents and as a solvent. It has a flash point of -22 deg. F. and is flammable over a wide vapor air concentration range. The vapors are readily ignited; the heat of a common light bulb may be sufficient. It is heavier than water and insoluble in water. Its vapors are heavier than air. It weighs 10.5 lbs/gallon. (c)AAR, 1991) Fire Hazard Ignition temperature dangerously low: 212F. Vapors may be ignited by contact with ordinary light bulb, when heated to decomposition, it emits highly toxic fumes of oxides of sulfur. When heated to decomposition, emits highly toxic fumes of sulfur oxides and can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. Avoid air, rust, halogens, metal azides, metals, oxidants; when exposed to heat or flame reacts violently with aluminum, chlorine, azides, hypochlorite, ethylamine diamine, ethylene imine, fluorine, metallic azides of lithium, potassium, cesium, rubidium and sodium, nitrogen oxides, potassium1 zinc and (sulfuric acid plus permanganate). Decomposes on standing for a long time. (EPA, 1990) Fire Fighting If the vapor concentration exceeds 2 percent by volume or is unknown, self-contained breathing mask with full face should be used by all persons entering contaminated area. Wear special protective clothing. Isolate for 1/2 mile in all directions if tank car or truck is involved in fire. Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide or other inert gas. Cooling and blanketing with water spray is effective in case of fires in metal containers or tanks to help prevent reignition by hot surfaces. Foam is ineffective except for very small, open spills involving fires. (EPA, 1990) Protective Clothing For emergency situations, wear a positive pressure, pressure-demand, full facepiece self- contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or pressure demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA and a fully encapsulating~ chemical resistant suit. ((c)EPA, 1990) MATERIAL RATINGS______________ AL PET/PVC FABRIC< 1 hour BARRICADE FABRIC> 3 hours BLUE MAX FABRIC> 3 hours BUTYL FABRIC< 1 hour GLOVES< 1 hour BUTYL/NEOP FABRIC< 1 hour CHECKMATE FABRIC> 3 hours CHEMREL FABRIC< 1 hour CHEMREL MAX FABRIC> 3 hours CHEMTUFF FABRIC< 1 hour CPE FABRIC< 1 hour CPF III FABRIC< 1 hour FEP TEFLON FACESHIELD1-3 hours INTERCEPTOR FABRIC> 3 hours NAT RUB+NEOP GLOVES< 1 hour NEOP FABRIC< 1 hour GLOVES< 1 hour NEOP/BUTYL GLOVES< 1 hour NI T+ POLYURETHANE+ PVC BOOTS1-3 hours NITRILE GLOVES< 1 hour PE FABRIC< 1 hour PE/EVAL/ PE GLOVES> 3 hours PET FABRIC> 3 hours POLYURETHANE+ PVC BOOTS< 1 hour PTFE TEFLON FABRIC< 1 hour PVAL GLOVES> 3 hours PVC FABRIC< 1 hour GLOVES< 1 hour RESPONDER FABRIC > 3 hours SARANEX2 3P FABRIC < 1 hour SILVER SHIELD GLOVES > 3 hours VITON GLOVES> 3 hours VITON/CHLOROBUTYL FABRIC < 1 hour VITON/NEOP FABRIC > 3 hours Non Fire Response Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. Combustion products include corrosive or toxic vapors. Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash or cement powder. Apply approriate foam to diminish vapor and fire hazard. Water spill: Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3), or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) If dissolved, in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. ((c) AAR, 1991) Health Hazard The material affects the central nervous system, cardiovascular system, eyes, kidneys, liver, and skin. It may be absorbed through the skin as a vapor or liquid, inhaled or ingested. The probable oral lethal dose for a human is between 0.5 and 5 g/kg or between 1 ounce and 1 pint (or 1 pound) for a 70 kg (150 lb.) person. In chronic exposures, the central nervo us system is damaged and results in the disturbance of vision and sensory changes as the most common early symptoms. Lowest lethal dose for humans has been reported at 14 mg/kg or 0.98 grams for a 70 kg person. Alcoholics and those suffering from neuropsychic trouble are at special risk. (EPA, 1990) Properties Flash Point: 22 F (cc) (EPA, 1990) Lower Exp Limit:1 % (EPA, 1990) Upper Exp Limit: 50% (EPA, 1990) Auto Igtn Temp: 212F (USCG, 1991) Melting Point: -167F (EPA, 1990) Vapor Pressure: 360mm at 77 F (EPA, 1990) Vapor Density (air 1):2.67 (EPA, 1990) Specific Gravity, Liquid:1.2632 at 68 F (EPA, 1990) Boiling Point:116 F at 760 m m (EPA, 1990) Molecular weight:76.13 (EPA, 1990) IDLH:500 ppm (NIOSH, 1994) TLV TWA:10 ppm Skin. ((c)ACGIH, 1991) First Aid Warning:Effects may be delayed. Caution is advised. Signs and Symptoms of Acute Carbon Disulfide Exposure: Acute exposure to carbon disulfide primarily affects the central nervous system producing signs and symptoms that may include headache, dizziness, difficulty swallowing, nervousness, tremors, mental depression, delirium, psychosis, convulsions, paralysis, and coma. Nausea, vomiting, cyanosis (blue tint to skin and mucous membranes), hypothermia (low body temperature), and peripheral vascular collapse may also occur. Respiratory effects include coughing, dyspnea (shortness of breath), and respiratory failure. Carbon disulfide is a strong skin irritant; dermal exposure may result in severe burns. Eye exposu re may cause degeneration of the retina and optic nerve. Pupils may be dilated. Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to carbon disulfide may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination. Inhalation Exposure: 1.Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self exposure to carbon disulfide. 2.Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no puls e is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 3.Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 4.Transport to a health care facility. Dermal/Eye Exposure: 1.Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self- exposure to carbon disulfide. 2.Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 3.Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible. 4.If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes. 5.Wash exposed skin areas three times. Wash initially wit h soap and water follow with an alcohol wash, then wash again with soap and water. 6.Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 7.Transport to a health care facility. Ingestion Exposure: 1.Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 2.Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 3.Give the victims water or milk: Children up to 1 year old, 125 mL (4 oz or 1/2 cup); children 1 to 12 years old, 200 mL (6 oz or 3/4 cup); adults, 250 mL (8 oz or 1 cup). Water or milk should be given only if victims are conscious an d alert. 4.Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1 3/4 to 3 1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water. 5.Promote excretion by administering a saline cathartic or sorbitol to conscious and alert victims. Children require 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) of cathartic; 50 to 100 g (1 3/4 to 3 1/2 oz) is recommended for adults. 6.Transport to a health care facility. (EPA, 1990) Appendix B Emergency Response and Medical Monomethylamine Preferred Name: METHYLAMINE Regulatory Name: METHANAMINE MONOMETHYLAMINE Chemical Source: NOEPANOAA#. :8850 NFPA Codes F: 4 - Extremely flammable H: 3 - Extremely hazardous - use full protection R: 0 - Normally stable General Description Methylamine, anhydrous is a colorless flammable gas that is shipped under pressure as a liquid. It has a pungent fishy odor that may resemble ammonia at higher concentrations. It is used for making pharmaceuticals~ insecticides, paint removers, surfactants, rubber chemicals, and various other products. It is irritating and corrosive to bodily tissue. The gas is heavier than air and may collect in low-lying areas. It is easily ignited under most ambient temperature conditions. Its boiling point of 20.3 deg. F. indicates that Methylamine will boil or otherwise evaporate rapidly upon release. It is very soluble in water and does not react. Vapor of the product are heavier than air, may travel a considerable distance to a source of ignition and flash back. Vapors may persist in pits, hollows, and depressions. Accumulation of vapor or gas in confined spaces such as buildings or sewers, may explode if ignited. Con tainers may rupture violently if exposed to fire or excessive heat for sufficient time. The product weighs approximately 5.8 lbs/gallon. ((C) AAR, 1991) Fire Hazard FLAMMABLE. POISONOUS GASES MAY BE PRODUCED IN FIRE. Containers may explode in fire. Flashback along vapor trail may occur. Vapor may explode if ignited in an enclosed area. Toxic nitrogen oxides may be formed. Vapors are heavier than air and may travel considerable distance to a source of ignition and flash back. (USCG, 1991) Fire Fighting Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. ((c) AAR, 1991) Protective Clothing Wear goggles and self-contained breathing apparatus. (USCG, 1991) MATERIAL RATINGS______________ CHEMREL FABRIC <1 HOUR NAT RUB GLOVES< 1 hour NEOP GLOVES > 3 hours NITRILE GLOVES > 3 hours PTFE TEFLON FABRIC > 3 hours PVC GLOVES 1 - 3 hours Non Fire Response Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock- down vapors. Vapor knockdown water is corrosive or toxic and should be diked for containment. Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents. Neutralize with sodium bisulfate (NaHSO4) . Water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Use surface active agent (e.g. detergent, soaps, alcohols), if approved by EPA. Inject "universal" gelling agent to solidify encircled spill and increase effectiveness of booms. If dissolved, in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount. Add sodium bisulfate (NaHSO4) . Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. ((c) AAR, 1991) Health Hazard VAPOR: Irritating to eyes, nose and throat. If inhaled will cause coughing or difficult breathing. LIQUID: Will burn skin and eyes. (USCG, 1991) Properties Flash Point:Not Applicable. Flammable, liquefied compressed gas. (USCG, 1991) Lower Exp Limit:4.3 % (USCG, 1991) Upper Exp Limit:21 % (USCG, 1991) Auto Igtn Temp:806 F (USCG, 1991) Melting Point: 134.5 F (USCG, 1991) Vapor Pressure:1972.92 mm at 60 F (USCG, 1991) Vapor Density (air = 1):1.1 (USCG, 1991) Specific Gravity, Liquid:0.693 at 20.3 F (USCG, 1991) Boiling Point:20.3 F at 760 mm (USCG, 1991) Molecular Weight:31.1 (USCG, 1991) IDLH:100 ppm (NIOSH, 1994) TLV TWA:10 ppm ((c)ACGIH, 1991) First Aid If this chemical contacts the eyes immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally l ifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical. (solution) . If eye tissue is frozen, seek medical attention immediately; if tissue is not frozen, immediately and thoroughly flush the eyes with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the lower and upper eyelids. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist, get medical attention as soon as possible. If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately flush the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. Get medical attention promptly. (solution) . If frostbite has occurred, seek medical attention immediately; do NOT rub the affected areas or flush them with water. In order to prevent further tissue damage, do NOT attempt to remove frozen clothing from frostbitten areas. If frostbite has NOT oc curred, immediately and thoroughly wash contaminated skin with soap and water. If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible. If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (solution) (NIOSH, 1994) Appendix C Emergency Response and Medical Sodium Hydroxide (Caustic) preferred Name: SODIUM HYDROXIDE Regulatory Name: SODIUM HYDROXIDE Chemical Source: NOEPA NOAA 41:9073 NFPA Codes F: 0 - Will not burn H: 3 - Extremely hazardous - use full protection R: 1 - Unstable if heated - use normal p recautions General Description Sodium hydroxide, dry is a white material. It is used in chemical manufacturing, petroleum refining, cleaning compounds, home drain openers, and for many other uses. It is soluble in water with release of heat. It absorbs moisture from the air and dissolves in it. It is corrosive to metals and tissue. ((c) AAR, 1991) Fire Hazard Not flammable. May cause fire on contact with combustibles. Flammable gas may be produced on contact with metals. (USCG, 1991) Fire Fighting Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire (material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty) . Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. ((c) AAR, 1991) Protective Clothing Wear rubber overclothiflg (including gloves) . (USCG, 1991) 8: MATERIAL RATINGS______________ AL PET/PVC FABR IC > 3 hours BLUE MAX FABRIC > 3 hours BUTYL FABRIC > 3 hours GLOVES > 3 hours BUTYL/NEOP FABRIC > 3 hours CHEMREL FABRIC > 3 hours CHEMTUFF FABRIC > 3 hours CPE FABRIC > 3 hours GLOVES > 3 hours NAT RTJB+NEOP+NBR GLOVES > 3 hours NEOP FABRIC > 3 hours GLOVES > 3 hours NEOP/BUTYL GLOVES > 3 hours NI TRILE+ PVC FABRIC > 3 hours POLYURETHANE GLOVES > 3 hours PTFE TEFLON FABRIC > 3 hours PVC FABRIC > 3 hours RESPONDER FABRIC > 3 hours SARINEX2 3P FABRIC > 3 hours VI TON/ CHLOROBUTYL FABRIC > 3 hours VI TON/NEOP FABRIC > 3 hours Non-Fire Response Keep material out of water sources and sewerS. Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water. Water spill: Neutralize with dilute acid. ((c) AAR, 1991) Health Hazard DUST: Irritating to eyes, nose and throat. SOLID: Will burn if swallowed. (USCG, 1991) skin and eyes. properties Flash Point:Not Applicable. Not flammable. (USCG, 1991) Lower Exp Limit:Not Applicable. Not flammable. (USCG, 1991) Upper Exp Limit:Not Applicable. Not flammable. (USCG, 1991) Auto Igtn Temp:Not Applicable. Not flammable. (USCG, 1991) Melting Point:604 F (USCG, 1991) Vapor Pressure:Not Applicable. (USCG, 1991) Vapor Density (air = 1):Not Applicable. (USCG, 1991) Specific Gravity, Solid:2.13 at 68 F (USCG, 1991) Boiling Point:Very high. (USCG, 1991) Molecular Weight:40 (USCG, 1991) IDLH: 10 mg/m3 (NIOSH, 1994) TLV TWA:2 mg/m3 Ceiling limit. ((c)ACGIH, 1991) First Aid If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical. If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately flush the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. Get medical attention promptly. If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform mouth to-mouth resuscitation. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible. If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 1994) |