Pharmacia & Upjohn - KAPI and EMU - Executive Summary

| Accident History | Chemicals | Emergency Response | Registration | Source | Executive Summary |

The Pharmacia & Upjohn (P&U) Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) facility and its Engineering, Maintenance and Utilities (EMU) operations; located in Kalamazoo, Michigan, routinely handle 12 regulated substances in quantities falling under the Risk Management Planning (RMP) reporting requirements of the 1990 amendments to the U.S. Clean Air Act. 
 
The following materials are used in RMP-covered processes at P&U's API and EMU facilities: 
 
-     Acetylene 
-     Anhydrous ammonia 
-     Chlorine 
-     Epichlorohydrin 
-     Ethyl vinyl ether 
-     Hydrofluoric acid 70% solution 
-     Hydrogen fluoride anhydrous 
-     Piperidine 
-     Sulfur dioxide 
-     Titanium tetrachloride 
-     Trimethylamine 
-     Propane and isobutane (aerosol propellant) 
 
The materials listed above are used for the synthesis of organic chemical compounds used as medicines, or intermediate chemical compounds used in the manufacture of finished pharmaceutical products.  The covered materials present in EMU operatio 
ns are used principally in the chlorination and dechlorination of water used throughout the complex. 
 
While the chances of a worst-case situation actually occurring are incalculable, such a scenario by definition is within the realm of possibility.  That is why P&U's first emergency management priority is accidental release prevention. 
 
To protect the facility's employees, the surrounding community, and the environment; P&U follows the accident-prevention elements required under the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Process Safety Management (PSM) Standard and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Risk Management Program (RMP) Rule.  The facility's PSM procedures and policies address all of the required elements of the PSM Standard and RMP Rule Prevention Program:  Employee Participation, Process Safety Information, Process Hazard Analysis, Operating Procedures, Training, Contractors, Pre-Startup Safety Reviews, Mechanical Integrity, Hot Work Permits, 
Management of Change, Incident Investigation, Emergency Planning and Response, Compliance Audits and Trade Secrets. 
 
P&U has implemented an off-site emergency response plan required under the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) and regularly communicates with the Kalamazoo County Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC) and local emergency-response organizations on matters pertaining to emergency preparedness and chemical storage.  Company representatives have served as members and officers of the LEPC continuously since its inception in the 1980s.  P&U for many decades has routinely communicated with and shared training experiences with local emergency responders.  In addition, P&U maintains a HazMat Team made up of employees that are on-call 24 hours per day to respond to and mitigate on-site chemical releases. 
 
The RMP Rule requires a hazard assessment for each covered process, which includes: 
 
-     A five-year history of releases involving any of the facility's R 
MP-covered processes 
-     Worst case release scenario for all Program 1, 2 and 3 processes 
-     Alternative release scenario for all Program 2 and 3 processes 
 
Neither the P&U API nor the EMU operations in Kalamazoo, Michigan, have had any accidental releases in the past five years involving RMP-covered processes that resulted in on-site deaths, injuries, property damage; or off-site deaths, injuries, evacuations, sheltering-in-place, property damage, or environmental damage. 
 
 
WORST CASE RELEASE SCENARIOS 
 
The EPA defines the worst case scenario to be the release of the maximum quantity held in a single vessel.  If quantities are limited to less than capacity by administrative controls, the lesser quantity may be taken into consideration.  The worst case release scenarios reported in this RMPlan were modeled using the EPA's Offsite Consequence Analysis (OCA) guidance document. 
 
Above-Ground Storage Tanks: 
 
Three of P&U's covered processes involve bulk storage of epichlorohydrin and  
anhydrous ammonia, these materials are used for the production of pharmaceuticals.  The worst case release scenarios associated with the storage of epichlorohydrin and anhydrous ammonia involve an accidental release assuming that the storage tanks are at full capacity, therefore no administrative controls were assumed. 
 
The epichlorohydrin storage tank has a dike, which serves as a passive control in the event of a liquid spill.  The anhydrous ammonia storage tanks are stored as a liquid under pressure, but since anhydrous ammonia becomes a gas in an ambient atmosphere, diking would not reduce dispersion in the event of an accidental release.  The epichlorohydrin and the anhydrous ammonia storage tanks are equipped with pressure relief systems to prevent failure due to overpressurization.  Concrete and steel barriers are in place around the anhydrous ammonia storage tanks to protect against vehicular collision.  Preventative maintenance schedules have been implemented for the equipment 
associated with both the epichlorohydrin and anhydrous ammonia storage processes. 
 
Drum and Cylinder Storage: 
 
Most of the RMP-covered processes discussed in this RMPlan involve drum and cylinder storage.  These materials include:  acetylene, chlorine, ethyl vinyl ether, hydrogen fluoride anhydrous, hydrofluoric acid, piperidine, sulfur dioxide, and titanium tetrachloride.  Chlorine and sulfur dioxide are used for water treatment.  Acetylene, chlorine, ethyl vinyl ether, hydrogen fluoride anhydrous, hydrofluoric acid, piperidine and titanium tetrachloride are all used for pharmaceutical product synthesis.  Administrative controls are not applicable to these types of storage processes since the worst case release is the release of the greatest amount held in a single vessel (i.e., one drum or one cylinder, with the exception of acetylene).   
 
Acetylene is stored on two adjacent flatbed trailers, each holding about 200 cylinders of acetylene dissolved in dimethylformamide (dimethylforma 
mide is not an RMP-regulated substance).  Since the cylinders on each trailer are co-located, the worst-case scenario associated with this process involves the release of all the acetylene and dimethylformamide present on both trailers.  The trailers are assumed to be at capacity, therefore no administrative controls were taken into consideration.  The acetylene manifold is equipped with a relief system to protect against regulator leakage. 
 
Personnel who operate forklift, high-lift and low-lift vehicles in warehouse storage facilities meet internal licensing requirements according to OSHA regulations.  Operators are required to attend refresher training to renew their licenses to operate materials-handling machinery. 
 
Chlorine and sulfur dioxide are contained in one-ton steel cylinders and are tested according to the requirements of 49 CFR 178.35.  Cylinders are subjected to hydrostatic, flattening, physical (tensile, elongation) and leakage tests.  Building 319, where chlorine cylind 
ers are stored and used, is monitored for leak detection, and the condition of delivery devices is inspected systematically during cylinder change-out operations. 
 
API Batch Processes: 
 
Five of P&U's RMP-covered processes involve manufacturing certain pharmaceutical products that require the use of hydrogen fluoride anhydrous or hydrofluoric acid, which are RMP-regulated toxic substances.  The worst case release associated with these processes assumes that the maximum amount of hydrogen fluoride anhydrous or hydrofluoric acid present in the reactor are released to the atmosphere. Administrative controls are not applicable to these processes since they are not storage processes but instead batch processes that require specific quantities of the regulated materials.   
 
Four of P&U's RMP-covered processes involve manufacturing certain pharmaceutical products that require the use of trimethylamine, which is an RMP-regulated flammable substance.  The worst case release associated with these 
processes is a vapor cloud explosion involving the maximum amount of trimethylamine used in each process.  Administrative controls are not applicable to these processes since they are not storage processes but instead batch processes that require specific quantities of the regulated materials.   
 
The reactor vessels that are utilized for both the hydrogen fluoride and trimethylamine processes discussed above are equipped with pressure relief systems to prevent failure due to overpressurization.  In addition, preventative maintenance schedules have been implemented for the equipment associated with these processes. 
 
 
ALTERNATIVE RELEASE SCENARIOS 
 
The Alternative Release Scenario (ARS) data reported in this RMPlan involves accidental releases identified as credible failure scenarios during the process hazard analysis or were selected based on previous incidents that involved similar process characteristics.  In constructing a more realistic ARS, both active and passive controls may be  
taken into account. The ARSs reported in this RMPlan were calculated using the Automated Resource for Chemical Hazard Incident Evaluation (ARCHIE) computer model. 
 
Above-Ground Storage Tanks: 
 
An anhydrous ammonia storage tank is being filled by a tanker truck.  The ARS assumes that the loading hose accidentally disconnects or ruptures.  Once the leak is recognized; the operator, who is required to be present during all loading events, stops the flow of material from the tanker truck to the storage tank by activating a manual shut-off valve on the tanker truck.  It is assumed that approximately two minutes expire before the leak is stopped.  The spill was modeled as an outdoor release. 
 
An epichlorohydrin storage tank is being filled by a tanker truck.  The ARS assumes that the loading hose accidentally disconnects or ruptures.  Once the leak is recognized; the operator, who is required to be present during all loading events, stops the flow of material from the tanker truck to the sto 
rage tank by activating a manual shut-off valve on the tanker truck.  It is assumed that approximately two minutes expire before the leak is stopped.  The location where epichlorohydrin is transferred from the tanker truck into the storage tank has a spill containment area which serves as a passive control for this ARS.  The spill was modeled as an outdoor release. 
 
Drum and Cylinder Storage: 
 
A full one-ton cylinder of chlorine is assumed to leak outdoors via either a half-inch valve or hose break.  It is assumed that the HazMat Team can respond to the spill within 1 hour of when the release is detected. 
 
A full one-ton cylinder of sulfur dioxide is assumed to leak outdoors via either a half-inch valve or hose break.  It is assumed that the HazMat Team can respond to the spill within 1 hour of when the release is detected. 
 
A full 45 kg cylinder of hydrogen fluoride anhydrous is assumed to be leaking from a faulty valve stem.  It is assumed that the entire contents of the cylinder wil 
l be released. 
 
A full 55-gallon drum containing an RMP-regulated substance is either punctured by a forklift or tipped over and the material discharges through the bung hole.  It is assumed that the entire contents of the drum will be released. 
 
API Batch Processes: 
 
Hydrofluoric acid 70% solution is fed into a reactor for production of a pharmaceutical product.  The entire contents of one 55 gallon drum is assumed to be accidentally released during the charging process.  The spill was modeled as an indoor release. 
 
Hydrogen fluoride anhydrous is fed into a reactor for production of a pharmaceutical product.  It is assumed that the reactor's pressure relief valve is activated due to an overpressurization event caused by exothermic conditions within the reactor.  The maximum anticipated amount of hydrogen fluoride anhydrous present in the reactor is assumed to vent to the atmosphere through the pressure relief valve. 
 
In accordance with Pharmacia & Upjohn's global Environment & Safety  
Policy, the API and EMU facilities have begun to develop and implement an Environment & Safety Management System (ESMS), which is modeled after the ISO 14001 Standard.  Continual improvement of E&S systems is an essential element of an ESMS. 
 
 
TABLE 1.0:  Maximum Inventory of RMP Covered Processes 
 
Process Description:     Acetylene cylinder storage.  Storage capacity is approximately 10,600 lbs acetylene dissolved in 25,840 lbs dimethylformamide (a non-RMP-regulated material); total mixture quantity is 36,440 lbs (Bldg 173) 
Program Level:     1 
Quantity (lbs):     36,440 
RMP Process ID:     1 
Flammmable Worst Case ID:     1 
 
Process Description:     Anhydrous ammonia storage (TANK1348) 
Program Level:     3 
Quantity (lbs):     51,400 
RMP Process ID:     3 
Toxic Worst Case:     2 
Alternative Release ID:     2 
 
Process Description:     Anhydrous ammonia storage (OT-396) 
Program Level:     3 
Quantity (lbs):     51,400 
RMP Process ID:     2 
Toxic Worst Case ID:     1 
Alternative Release ID 
:     1 
 
Process Description:     Chlorine cylinder storage for use in pharmaceutical manufacturing processes 
Program Level:     3 
Quantity (lbs):     22,000 
RMP Process ID:     4 
Alternative Release ID:    3 
 
Process Description:     Chlorine cylinder storage and usage for EMU water treatment processes (Bldg 319) 
Program Level:     3 
Quantity (lbs):     28,000 
RMP Process ID:     23 
Alternative Release ID:     15 
 
Process Description:     Epichlorohydrin storage (ST-297) 
Program Level:     3 
Quantity (lbs):     98,000 
RMP Process ID:     5 
Alternative Release ID:     4 
 
Process Description:     Ethyl vinyl ether drum stock storage (Bldg 70) 
Program Level:     1 
Quantity (lbs):     21,000 
RMP Process ID:     18 
Flammable Worst Case ID:     5 
 
Process Description:     Hydrofluoric acid 70% solution drum stock storage (Bldg 87) 
Program Level:     3 
Quantity (lbs):     1,600 
RMP Process ID:     20 
Alternative Release ID:     13 
 
Process Description:     Hydrofluoric acid 70% solution drum 
stock storage (Bldg 237) 
Program Level:      1 
Quantity (lbs):     24,100 
RMP Process ID:      6 
Toxic Worst Case ID:     3 
 
Process Description:     Hydrofluoric acid 70% solution - used in pharmaceutical manufacturing process (HF Process 1 - Bldg 87) 
Program Level:     3 
Quantity (lbs):     1,750 
RMP Process ID:     9 
Alternative Release ID:     7 
 
Process Description:     Hydrofluoric acid 70% solution - used in pharmaceutical manufacturing process (HF Process 2 - Bldg 87) 
Program Level:     3 
Quantity (lbs):     2,310 
RMP Process ID:     10 
Alternative Release ID:     8 
 
Process Description:     Hydrofluoric acid 70% solution - used in pharmaceutical manufacturing process (HF Process 3 - Bldg 87) 
Program Level:     3 
Quantity (lbs):     1,420 
RMP Process ID:     11 
Alternative Release ID:     9 
 
Process Description:     Hydrogen fluoride anhydrous cylinder stock storage (Bldg 86) 
Program Level:     3 
Quantity (lbs):     6,000 
RMP Process ID:     16 
Alternative Release ID:     11 
 
 
Process Description:     Hydrogen fluoride anhydrous cylinder stock storage (Bldg 87) 
Program Level:     3 
Quantity (lbs):     2,000 
RMP Process ID:     21 
Alternative Release ID:     14 
 
Process Description:     Hydrogen fluoride anhydrous - used in pharmaceutical manufacturing process   (HF Process 4 - Bldg 87) 
Program Level:     3 
Quantity (lbs):     1,250 
RMP Process ID:     7 
Alternative Release ID:    5 
 
Process Description:     Hydrogen fluoride anhydrous - used in pharmaceutical manufacturing process   (HF Process 5 - Bldg 87) 
Program  Level:      3 
Quantity (lbs):     1,250 
RMP Process ID:     8 
Alternative Release ID:     6 
 
Process Description:     Piperidine drum stock storage (Bldg 70) 
Program Level:     3 
Quantity (lbs):     32,000 
RMP Process ID:     17 
Alternative Release ID:     12 
 
Process Description:     Sulfur dioxide cylinder storage and usage for EMU dechlorination processes (Bldg 367) 
Program Level:     3 
Quantity (lbs):     24,000 
RMP Process ID:     15 
Alterna 
tive Release ID:    10 
 
Process Description:     Titanium tetrachloride cylinder stock storage (Building 173) 
Program Level:     1 
Quantity (lbs):     2,900 
RMP Process ID:     24  
Toxic Worst Case ID:     5 
 
Process Description:     Titanium tetrachloride cylinder stock storage (Building 86) 
Program Level:     1 
Quantity (lbs):     10,100 
RMP Process ID:     19 
Toxic Worst Case ID:    4 
 
Process Description:     Trimethylamine - used in pharmaceutical manufacturing process.  Trimethylamine is dissolved in methylene chloride, the total mixture quantity is approximately 11,500 lbs.  Trimethylamine makes up approximately 580 lbs of the mixture.  (TMA Process 1 - Bldg 173) 
Program Level:     1 
Quantity (lbs):     11,500 
RMP Process ID:     12 
Flammable Worst Case ID:     2 
 
Process Description:     Trimethylamine - used in pharmaceutical manufacturing process.  Trimethylamine is dissolved in methylene chloride, the total mixture quantity is 17,900 lbs.  Trimethylamine makes up approximate 
ly 925 lbs of the mixture.   (TMA Process 1 - Bldg 335) 
Program Level:     1 
Quantity (lbs):     17,900 
RMP Process ID:     25 
Flammable Worst Case ID:     7 
 
Process Description:     Trimethylamine - used in pharmaceutical manufacturing process.  Trimethylamine is mixed with methylene chloride and other non-flammable substances, the total mixture quantity is 11,500 lbs.  Trimethylamine makes up approximately 175 lbs of the mixture (TMA Process 2 - B173). 
Program Level:     1 
Quantity (lbs):     11,500 
RMP Process ID:     14 
Flammable Worst Case ID:     4 
 
Process Description:     Trimethylamine - used in pharmaceutical manufacturing process.  Trimethylamine is dissolved in methylene chloride and other non-flammable substances, the total mixture quantity is 10,500 lbs.  Trimethylamine makes up approximately 180 lbs of the mixture.  (TMA Process 3 - Bldg 173) 
Program Level:     1 
Quantity (lbs):     10,500 
RMP Process ID:     13 
Flammable Worst Case ID:     3 
 
Process Description:     F 
lammable mixture containing propane and isobutane - storage of Micatin ? antifungal spray (Bldg 388) 
Program Level:     1 
Quantity (lbs)     28,000 
RMP Process ID:    22 
Flammable Worst Case ID:     6 
 
 
TABLE 2.0:  Worst Case Release Scenario (WCRS) Data 
 
Process Description:     Acetylene cylinder storage.  Storage capacity is approximately 10,600 lbs acetylene dissolved in 25,840 lbs dimethylformamide (a non-RMP-regulated material); total mixture quantity is 36,440 lbs (Bldg 173) 
Toxic or Flammable:     Flammable 
Distance to Endpoint:     0.2 mi 
Program Level:     1 
WCRS Description:     Vapor cloud explosion involving entire contents of acetylene and DMF; 36,440 lbs 
RMP Process ID:     1 
Flammable Worst Case ID:     1 
 
Process Description:     Anhydrous ammonia storage (TANK1348) 
Toxic or Flammable:     Toxic 
Distance to Endpoint:    2.6 mi 
Program Level:     3 
WCRS Description:     Outdoor release of entire storage tank containing 51,400 lbs anhydrous ammonia 
RMP Process ID:     3 
 
Toxic Worst Case ID:     2 
 
Process Description:     Anhydrous ammonia storage (OT-396) 
Toxic or Flammable:     Toxic 
Distance to Endpoint:     2.6 mi 
Program Level:     3 
WCRS Description:      Outdoor release of entire storage tank containing 51,400 lbs anhydrous ammonia 
RMP Process ID:     2 
Toxic Worst Case ID:     1 
 
Process Description:     Ethyl vinyl ether drum stock storage (Bldg 70)  
Toxic or Flammable:     Flammable 
Distance to Endpoint:     0.05 mi 
Program Level:     1 
WCRS Description:     Outdoor release of one 55 gallon drum of ethyl vinyl either 
RMP Process ID:     18 
Flammable Worst Case ID:     5 
 
Process Description:     Hydrofluoric acid 70% solution drum stock storage (Bldg 237) 
Toxic or Flammable:     Toxic 
Distance to Endpoint:     0.3 mi 
Program Level:     1 
WCRS Description:     Outdoor release of one 55 gallon drum of HF 70% solution 
RMP Process ID:     6 
Toxic Worst Case ID:     3 
 
Process Description:     Titanium tetrachloride cylinder stock storage (Buildi 
ng 173) 
Toxic ro Flammable:     Toxic 
Distance to Endpoint:     0.2 mi 
Program Level:     1 
WCRS Description:     Outdoor release of entire contents from one 360 lb cylinder of titanium tetrachloride 
RMP Process ID:     24 
Toxic Worst Case ID:     5 
 
Process Description:     Titanium tetrachloride cylinder stock storage (Building 86) 
Toxic or Flammable:     Toxic 
Distance to Endpoint:     0.2 mi 
Program Level:     1 
WCRS Description:     Outdoor release of entire contents from one 360 lb cylinder of titanium tetrachloride 
RMP Process ID:     19 
Toxic Worst Case ID:     4 
 
Process Description:     Trimethylamine - used in pharmaceutical manufacturing process (TMA Process 1 - Bldg 173)  
Toxic or Flammable:     Flammable 
Distance to Endpoint:     0.06 mi 
Program Level:     1 
WCRS Description:     Vapor cloud explosion involving maximum contents of trimethylamine present in reactor 
RMP Process ID:     12 
Flammable Worst Case:     2 
 
Process Description:     Trimethylamine - used in pharmac 
eutical manufacturing process (TMA Process 1 -Bldg 335) 
Toxic or Flammable:     Flammable 
Distance to Endpoint:      0.07 mi 
Program Level:     1 
WCRS Description:     Vapor cloud explosion involving maximum contents of trimethylamine present in reactor 
RMP Process ID:     25 
Flammable Worst Case ID:     7 
 
Process Description:     Trimethylamine - used in pharmaceutical manufacturing process (TMA Process 2 - Bldg 173) 
Toxic or Flammable:     Flammable 
Distance to Endpoint:      0.04 mi 
Program Level:     1 
WCRS Description:     Vapor cloud explosion involving maximum contents of trimethylamine present in reactor 
RMP Process ID:     14 
Flammable Worst Case ID:     4 
 
Process Description:     Trimethylamine - used in pharmaceutical manufacturing process (TMA Process 3 - Bldg 173) 
Toxic or Flammable:     Flammable 
Distance to Endpoint:     0.04 mi 
Program Level:     1 
WCRS Description:     Vapor cloud explosion involving maximum contents of trimethylamine present in reactor 
RMP Process I 
D:     13 
Flammable Worst Case ID:     3 
 
Process Description:     Flammable mixture containing propane and isobutane - Micatin ? antifungal spray storage (Bldg 388) 
Toxic or Flammable:     Flammable 
Distance to Endpoint:     29.4 ft 
Program Level:     1 
WCRS Description:     Release of one 4.6 ounce can of Micatin ? antifungal spray 
RMP Process ID:     22 
Flammable Worst Case ID:     6 
 
 
TABLE 3.0:  Alternative Release Scenario (ARS) Distance to Toxic Endpoint 
 
Process Description:     Anhydrous ammonia storage (TANK1348) 
Distance to Endpoint:     1.22 mi  
ARS Decsription:     Hose rupture or failure during unloading operations 
RMP Process ID:     3 
Alternative Release ID:     2 
 
Process Description:     Anhydrous ammonia storage (OT-396) 
Distance to Endpoint:     1.22 mi 
ARS Description:     Hose rupture or failure during unloading operations 
RMP Process ID:     2 
Alternative Release ID:     1 
 
Process Description:     Chlorine cylinder storage for use in pharmaceutical manufacturing 
processes 
Distance to Endpoint:      0.5 mi 
ARS Description:     Valve stem leak 
RMP Process ID:     4 
Alternative Release ID:     3 
 
Process Description:     Chlorine cylinder storage and usage for EMU water treatment processes (Bldg 319) 
Distance to Endpoint:      0.5 mi  
ARS Description:     Valve leak or hose rupture 
RMP Process ID:     23 
Alternative Release ID:     15 
 
Process Description:     Epichlorohydrin storage (ST-297) 
Distance to Endpoint:     0.05 mi 
ARS Description:     Hose rupture or failure during unloading operations 
RMP Process ID:     5 
Alternative Release ID:     4 
 
Process Description:     Hydrofluoric acid 70% solution drum stock storage (Bldg 87) 
Distnance to Endpoint:     0.1 mi 
ARS Descrpition:     Outdoor release of one 55 gallon drum of HF 70% solution 
RMP Process ID:     20 
Alternative Release ID:      13 
 
Process Desciption:      Hydrofluoric acid 70% solution - used in pharmaceutical manufacturing process (HF Process 1 - Bldg 87) 
Distance to Endpoint:  
    0.08 mi 
ARS Description:     Indoor release of one 55 gallon drum of HF 70% solution during charging operations 
RMP Process ID:     9 
Alternative Release ID:     7 
 
Process Description:     Hydrofluoric acid 70% solution - used in pharmaceutical manufacturing process (HF Process 2 - Bldg 87) 
Distance to Endpoint:      0.08 mi 
ARS Description:     Indoor release of one 55 gallon drum of HF 70% solution during charging operations 
RMP Process ID:     10 
Alternative Release ID:     8 
 
Process Description:     Hydrofluoric acid 70% solution - used in pharmaceutical manufacturing process (HF Process 3 - Bldg 87) 
Distance to Endpoint:      0.08 mi 
ARS Description:     Indoor release of one 55 gallon drum of HF 70% solution during charging operations 
RMP Process ID:     11 
Alternative Release ID:     9 
 
Process Description:     Hydrogen fluoride anhydrous cylinder stock storage (Bldg 86) 
Distance to Endpoint:     0.2 mi 
ARS Description:     Outdoor release of one 45 kg cylinder of HF anhy 
drous 
RMP Process ID:     16 
Alternative Release ID:     11 
 
Process Description:Hydrogen fluoride anhydrous cylinder stock storage (Bldg 87) 
Distance to Endpoint:     0.2 mi 
ARS Description:     Outdoor release of one 45 kg cylinder of HF anhydrous 
RMP Process ID:     21 
Alternative Release ID:     14 
 
Process Description:     Hydrogen fluoride anhydrous - used in pharmaceutical manufacturing process   (HF Process 4 - Bldg 87) 
Distance to Endpoint:     1.44 mi 
ARS Description:     Overpressurization of reactor, maximum quantity of HF anhydrous released 
RMP Process ID:     7 
Alternative Release ID:     5 
 
Process Description:     Hydrogen fluoride anhydrous - used in pharmaceutical manufacturing process   (HF Process 5 - Bldg 87) 
Distance to Endpoint:     1.44 mi 
ARS Description:     Overpressurization of reactor, maximum quantity of HF anhydrous released 
RMP Process ID:     8 
Alternative Release ID:     6 
 
Process Description:     Piperidine drum stock storage (Bldg 70) 
Distance to En 
dpoint:      0.11 mi 
ARS Description:     Outdoor release of one 55 gallon drum of piperidine 
RMP Process ID:     17 
Alternative Release ID:     12 
 
Process Description:     Sulfur dioxide cylinder storage and usage for EMU water treatment processes (Bldg 367) 
Distance to Endpoint:      0.5 mi 
ARS Description:     Valve leak or hose rupture 
RMP Process ID:     15 
Alternative Release ID:     10
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